A vertex biconnected component (bcc) can be defined as a connected component (cc) that is still a cc after any vertex is plucked out of the graph, and usually we would think about the bcc as the largest component that satisfies. An edge bc…

There are many problems that require high precision mathematical operations that we need to implement big number functions. However, sometimes we could avoid this by making use of double and long double, and perhaps some cmath library func…